Petroleum industry
Petroleum has brought enumerable
benefits to human civilization; quality of life and dynamic prosperity is
fueled by this precious, miraculous resource.
Petroleum
is the lifeline of modern civilization. It is the source of energy for
agricultural, industrial and transport sectors and keeps the wheel of other
essential industries moving. In fact, there is no conceivable area where energy
does not play its vital role.
Petroleum
currently provides 90 per cent of energy used for transportation, and while its
benefits are astounding, the use of petroleum-based technologies also has cost.
The
environmental impacts associated with extracting and transporting petroleum
remain a major issue, as the extraction of petroleum can affect fragile
ecosystems. However, oil companies continue to develop new techniques and
enhanced recovery methods, which reduce the footprint of drilling equipment and
the amount of land affected.
Perhaps
the m«st serious concern, the combustion of fossil fuels contributes a variety
of emissions to the atmosphere and releases carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse
gas. These emissions have modified atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations,
which play an important role in moderating global temperatures. Therefore,
there is considerable interest in reducing our reliance on petroleum-based
technologies.
At the
time of independence, India produced crude oil from only one onshore field in
Digboi, Assam. At that time, the country depended upon imports for
international oil companies controlled 90 per cent of petroleum products and
the industry. With Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and Oil India Ltd.
(OIL), the production today has increased to over 34 MMTPA by technology
upgradation and assimilation. During this period exploration and production
activity has grown in its scope and has moved from onshore to offshore.
Natural
Gas Corporation associated with oil production, which was flared at the well
head in the earlier day, is now being harnessed and supplied for power
generation to gas-based power plants, as raw material units including
petrochemical industry.
Natural
gas production has risen from 'nil' at the time of independence to about 29
billion cubic meters during the five decades of planned economic development
and it is taken to the consumer through an extensive network of 4100 kms. Gas
pipeline system.
Finally
petroleum industry is the most important energy in the world that all people or
most of them relay on this type of energy and also the infrastructure of the
country relay on this type of energies like(electricty, factories…..etc.)
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